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| Author and Title |
Zhang, J. and Smith, K.R. (1996) Hydrocarbon emissions and health risks from cookstoves in developing countries. |
| Article in |
J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol, 6 (2). |
| Available online at |
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| End use |
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| Energy technology |
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| Issue |
Gases (CO, CO2, NO, NO2, VOCs), Indoor Air Pollution Sources: Wood and Other Biomass, Indoor Air Pollution Sources: Heating and Cooking, Cancer/Carcinogens, Southeast and East Asia and the Pacific Islands |
| Level |
Research |
| Description |
The nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions from several types of cookstoves commonly used in developing countries were measured in a pilot study conducted in Manila, the Philippines. Four types of f uel, i.e., wood, charcoal, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), were tested. Because kerosene was burned in three different types of stoves, there were six fuel/stove combinations tested. Fifty-nine nonmethane hydrocarbons were identified frequently in emissions of these cookstoves, with emission ratios to CO2 up to 5.3 x 10(-3). The emissions were quantitated with emission factors on both a mass basis (emissions/kg fuel) and a task basis emissions/cooking task). On a task basis, combustion of biomass fuels (wood and charcoal) generally produced higher emission factors than combustion of fossil fuels (kerosene and LPG). One type of kerosene stove (wick stove), however, still generated the greatest emissions of some individual and classes of hydrocarbons, indicating that emissions were dependent on not only fuel types but also combustion devices. Some hydrocarbons, e.g., benzene, 1,3-butadiene, styrene, and xylenes, were of concern because of their carcinogenic properties. The lifetime risk from exposures to these compounds emitted from cookstoves was tentatively estimated by using a simple exposure model and published cancer potencies. |
This bibliography item comes from the "Broad-search Annotated Bibliography on Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) and Indoor Air Pollution (With Emphasis on Children Under Five in Developing Countries)", December 1998, Prepared by Daniel M. Kammen, Gemini Wahhaj, and Maame Yaa Yiadom, under EHP Activity No. 263-CC (with support of USAID). Used with permission.
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